Main questions:
1. What is chromosome made of?
Made of a DNA and protein complex called Chromatin.
2. The steps of Mitotic division of an animal cell?
G2 of Interphase, Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase and Cytokinesis.
3. What is cancer cells?
Do not stop dividing. The control mechanisms for cell division have failed.
Main Facts:
1. Cells duplicate their genetice materical before they divide, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the genetic material, DNA.
2. DNA is partitioned among chromosomes.
3. Since prokaryotes preceded eukaryotes by more than a billion years, it is likely that mitosis evolved from prokaryotic cell division.
4. Molecules present in the cytoplasm regulate progress through the cell cycle.
5. Cancer cells elude normal regulation and divide out of control, forming tumors.
Summary:
Key terms
1. Cell division: The reproduction of cells.
2. Genome: The genetic material of an organism or virus; the complete complement of an organism’s or virus’s genes along with its noncoding nucleic acid sequences.
3. Sister chromatids: Either of two copies of a duplicated chromosome attached to each other by proteins at the centromere and , some tiems, along the arms.
4. Centromere: The specialized region of the chromosome where two sister chromatids are most closely attached.
5. Mitosis: a process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into five stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
6. Cytokinesis: The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells immediately after mitosis daughter cells immediately after mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II.
7. Meiosis: a modified type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only one round of DNA replication.
8. Kinetochore: A structure of proteins attached to the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle.
9. Binary fission: A method of asexual reproduction by “division in half.” In prokaryotes, binary fission does not involve mitosis; but in single-celled eukaryotes that undergo binary fission, mitosis is part of the process.
10.Growth factor: a protein that must be present in the extracellular environment for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells.
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