Chloroplast is enclosed by two membranes separated by a narrow intermembrane space that constitutes an outer compartment. The inner membrane encloses a second compartment containing the fluid called stroma. The stroma surrounds a third compartment, the thylakoid space, delineated by the thylakoid membrane.
Main questions:
1.What structures are only in animal cells but not plant cells?
A: Lysosomes, Centrosomes, Flagella
2.What structures are only in plant cells?
A: Chloroplasts, central vacuole, cell wall, plasmodesmata.
3.Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide would be found within the?
A: mitochondria.
Main facts:
1. Improvements in microscopy that affect the parameters of magnification, resolution, and contrast have catalyzed progress in the study of cell structure. Light and electron microscopy remain important tools.
2. Plant cell walls are made of cellulose fibers embedded in other polysaccharides and proteins.
3. Plants have plasmodesmata that pass through adjoining cell walls. Animal cells have tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions.
4.The cytoskeleton functions in structural support for the cell and in motility and signal transmission.
5.Golgi apparatus' functions: Modification of proteins, carbohydrates on proteins, and phospholipids.
Summary:
Cytology is known as the study of cell structure. Scientists use microscopes and the tools of biochemistry to study cells. This chapter compares the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Such as both prokaryotic and eukaryotic have plasma membrane, cytosol, chromosomes, ribosome, ad cytoplasm. But only Prokaryotic has cell nucleus which contains DNA inside.
In chapter six is about the cell component and functions. It includes nucleus, ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, vacuole, mitochondrion, choroplast and peroxisome. All those componenet are important and necessary for a cell to work properly. Without those components inside cell which none of the big animals or plants would exist.
Key terms:
1. Thylakoid: A flattened membranous sac inside a chloroplast. Thylakoids exist in an interconnected system in the chloroplast and contain the molecular “machinery” used to convert light energy to chemical energy.
2. Phagocytosis: A type of endocytosis in which large particulate substances are taken up by a cell. It is carried out by some protists and by certain immune cells of animals
3. Collagen: A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers, found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.
4. Stroma: Within the chloroplast, the dense fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.
5. Basal body: A eukaryotic cell structure consisting of a 9 + 0 arrangement of microtubule triplets. The basal body may organize the microtubule assembly of a cilium or flagellum and is structurally very similar to a centriole.
6. Flagella: A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion.
7. Cilia: A short cellular appendage containing microtubules.
8. Centrosome: a region that is often located near the nucleus and is considered a "microtubule-organizing center."
9. Cytoskeleton: A network of icrotubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments that brach throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical, transport, and signalig functions.
10. Microtubules: A hollow rod composed of tubulin proteins that make up part of the cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells and is found in cilia and flagella.
Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ldRZcmppQM8
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